Description_x000D_ Packaging_x000D_ 100, 500 μg in glass bottle_x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ 9(S)-HODE is produced by the lipoxygenation of linoleic acid. It is a major component of plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein. 9-HODE has been shown to stimulate cell proliferation and and extracellular matrix synthesis in human mesangial cells via PPARgamma. Pro-inflammatory effects of 9-HODE, acting through the receptor GPR132, can contribute to atherosclerosis progression. 9-HODE has also been shown to activate spinal TRPV1, leading to inflammatory hyperalgesia.