Description_x000D_ General description_x000D_ Anti-Cytochrome c produced in sheep using purified rabbit cytochrome c conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)._x000D_ Immunogen_x000D_ rabbit cytochrome c._x000D_ Application_x000D_ Anti-Cytochrome c antibody produced in sheep has been used in:_x000D_ • immunocytochemistry_x000D_ • immunostaining_x000D_ • immunoblotting_x000D_ • immunohistochemistry_x000D_ Target description_x000D_ Cytochrome c is an electron transport protein released from mitochondria as an early committed event in apoptosis. Cytochrome c and dATP are cofactors for the mammalian apoptosome, which is composed of Apaf-1, Bcl-2, and procaspase 9. When caspase 9 is activated, activation of other caspases follow including the death protease caspase 3. The release of cytochrome c is inhibited by the presence of Bcl-2 on these organelles preventing the initiation of apoptosis. In cells induced by several apoptotic agents (such as UV irradiation, staurosporine, and overexpression of Bax), caspase inhibitors do not prevent cytochrome c release._x000D_ Physical form_x000D_ Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 1% BSA and 15 mM sodium azide._x000D_ Disclaimer_x000D_ Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals._x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ Cytochrome c controls cellular electron transport and energy metabolism. It is involved in the transfer of electrons between complex III and complex IV in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It is involved in apoptosis and activates the death protease caspase-3 (CCP32). The presence of Bcl-2 on the organelles inhibits the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria during apoptosis. Along with Apaf-1, and procaspase-9, it forms an essential component of vertebrate ”apoptosome”. Activation of caspase-9 and other capsases directs apoptosis. Serum cytochrome c is a sensitive apoptotic marker in vivo, and increased serum cytochrome c level can serve as a negative prognostic marker.