Description_x000D_ General description_x000D_ The mitogen- and stress-activated kinases, MSK-1 and MSK-2 are activated by ERK/MAPK and p38 MAPK in response to growth and cell stress stimuli. MSK-1 and MSK-2 have 75% homology and interact with ERK1/2 and p38 through MAPK-binding domains near the C-terminus. There is a predominant expression of MSK proteins in heart, brain, skeletal muscles, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas and placenta. Highly conserved phosphorylation sites of MSK-1, Ser260 and Thr581, are followed by proline residues indicating that MSK-1 is activated by more than one MAPK. Endogenous MSK-1 is activated in cells by growth factors, phorbol ester stimulation, exposure to UV irradiation, and oxidative or chemical stress and is localized to nucleus of unstimulated or stimulated cells. MSK-1 is directly involved in the regulation of gene expression since it actively phosphorylates, stabilizes and activates many transcription factors. The major transcription factors that are regulated by MSK-1 include CREB, NF-κB and STAT3. MSKs also evidently phosphorylate Histone H3 at Ser10 and Ser28 and HMG at Ser6. Thus a primary role of MSK proteins is also promotion of gene relaxation and activation by regulating the binding of transcription repressors. Anti-MSK-1 specifically recognizes rat MSK-1 (90 kDa)._x000D_ Immunogen_x000D_ synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminus of human MSK1 (amino acids 783-800). This sequence is not found in the human and mouse MSK2 isoforms._x000D_ Application_x000D_ Anti-MSK-1 may be used at a minimum working dilution of 1:2000 (immunoblotting in whole cell extracts) or 1:1000 (immunocytochemistry) in fibroblast Rat1 cell line. The antobody has also been used for detection by immunoblotting in mouse fibroblast 10T1/2 cells._x000D_ Physical form_x000D_ Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide._x000D_ Disclaimer_x000D_ Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.