Description_x000D_ General description_x000D_ Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (UniProt: P49841; also known as EC: 2.7.11.26, GSK-3 beta, Serine/threonine-protein kinase GSK3B) is encoded by the GSK3B gene (Gene ID: 2932) in human. GSK-3 is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase, is a key regulator of numerous signaling pathways during embryogenesis and in metabolic control. Two isoforms of GSK-3 are reported in mammals: a 51 kDa GSK-3 alpha and a 47 kDa GSK-3 beta. The GSK-3 alpha contains a glycine-rich extension at its N-terminal. GSK-3 is constitutively active in cells and is regulated through inhibition of its activity. GSK-3 shows a preference for target proteins that are pre-phosphorylated at a `priming residue located C-terminal to the site of GSK-3 phosphorylation. Priming phosphorylation, although not absolutely required, enhances the efficiency of phosphorylation of most GSK-3 substrates. Phosphorylation of a threonine residue in the activation loop (T-loop) is considered to be essential for its activity. The T-loop of GSK-3 beta is phosphorylated at Tyr216, which play a role in forcing open the substrate-binding site of the enzyme. A primary mechanism of GSK-3 beta activity regulation is phosphorylation of N-terminal serine residues (Serine 9). Phosphorylation at this site is inhibitory to GSK-3 beta kinase activity because the phosphorylated N-terminus acts as a competitive inhibitor for primed substrates. GSK-3 beta is constitutively active in resting cells and treatment of cells with an agent, such as insulin, causes GSK-3 inactivation through a PI 3-kinase (PI 3-K)-dependent mechanism._x000D_ Specificity_x000D_ Clone 12B2 detects GSK-3 beta in human, murine, and rat cells._x000D_ Immunogen_x000D_ Epitope: N-terminus_x000D_ KLH-conjugated three linear peptides from the N-terminal region of human GSK-3 beta._x000D_ Application_x000D_ Anti-nonphospho-GSK3 (Ser9), beta specific, clone 12B2, Cat. No. MABN2443, is a highly specific mouse monoclonal antibody that targets Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and has been tested for use in Immunocytochemistry, Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin), Immunoprecipitation, and Western Blotting._x000D_ Research Category_x000D_ Neuroscience_x000D_ Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:500 dilution from a representative lot detected nonphospho-GSK3 (Ser9) in human and mouse brain tissue lysates._x000D_ ELISA Analysis: A representative lot detected nonphospho-GSK3 (Ser9) in ELISA applications (Grabinski, T., et. al. (2016). Front Mol Neurosci. 9:123)._x000D_ Western Blotting Analysis: A representative lot detected nonphospho-GSK3 (Ser9) in Western Blotting applications (Grabinski, T., et. al. (2016). Front Mol Neurosci. 9:123)._x000D_ Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A 1:250 dilution from a representative lot detected nonphospho-GSK3 (Ser9) in human cerebral cortex tissue._x000D_ Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A representative lot detected nonphospho-GSK3 (Ser9) in Western Blotting applications (Grabinski, T., et. al. (2016). Front Mol Neurosci. 9:123)._x000D_ Immunoprecipitation Analysis: A representative lot detected nonphospho-GSK3 (Ser9) in Western Blotting applications (Grabinski, T., et. al. (2016). Front Mol Neurosci. 9:123)._x000D_ Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A representative lot detected nonphospho-GSK3 (Ser9) in Western Blotting applications (Grabinski, T., et. al. (2016). Front Mol Neurosci. 9:123)._x000D_ Target description_x000D_ ~45 kDa observed. 46.74 kDa calculated. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s)._x000D_ Physical form_x000D_ Format: Purified_x000D_ Protein G purified_x000D_ Purified mouse monoclonal antibody IgG1 in PBS without preservatives._x000D_ Storage and Stability_x000D_ Stable for 1 year at -20°C from date of receipt. Handling Recommendations: Upon receipt and prior to removing the cap, centrifuge the vial and gently mix the solution. Aliquot into microcentrifuge tubes and store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles, which may damage IgG and affect product performance._x000D_ Disclaimer_x000D_ Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals._x000D_ Quality_x000D_ Evaluated by Western Blotting in rat brain tissue lysate._x000D_ Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:500 dilution of this antibody detected nonphospho-GSK3 (Ser9) in rat brain tissue lysate._x000D_ Other Notes_x000D_ Concentration: Please refer to lot specific datasheet.