Description_x000D_ General description_x000D_ Cofilin is a small phosphoinositide-sensitive actin-binding protein capable of depolymerizing actin-filaments in vitro. It has gelsolin-like actin filament-severing protein similar to destrin/ADF (Actin Depolymerizing Factor). Cofilin has has a short β-strand at the C terminus. In mammals it has two isoforms: non-muscle (NM-CF, CF-L1) and muscle (M-CF, CF-L2). The protein is ubiquitiously present in tissues of eukaryotes and is especially abundant in neuronal tissues. It can shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus in response to various stresses or signals, and may translocate from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane in various cells._x000D_ Immunogen_x000D_ synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to amino acids 2-9 (pSer3) of human cofilin with a C-terminal added cysteine, conjugated to KLH. This sequence is identical in mouse, rat, and pig._x000D_ Application_x000D_ Anti-phospho-Cofilin antibody was used:_x000D_ • as primary antibody for immunoblottingto to study the role of the Rac1 GTPase._x000D_ • for western blot analysis in a comparative study of signals induced by integrin ligation during cell attachment, mechanical force from intracellular contraction, or cell stretching by external force._x000D_ • as primary antibody for western blotting in a study to detect the level of cofilin._x000D_ Physical form_x000D_ Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide._x000D_ Disclaimer_x000D_ Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals._x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ Cofilin binds stoichiometrically to monomeric G-actin and actin protomers in filaments in an apparently pH-dependent, Ca2+ independent manner. Cofilin intercalates between longitudinally associated actin monomers within the filament and distorts its helical twist.It cleaves the filaments and accelerates actin subunits dissociation from their ‘pointed’ ends under specific conditions. Cofilin is essential for viability and is important for many cellular processes involving actin remodeling such as motility at the leading edge of cells, polarized cell growth, endocytosis, phagocytosis, cellular activation, cytokinesis, and pathogen intracellular motility. It′s activity is regulated through reversible phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. In phosphorylated form, it behaves inactive and unable to bond with actin. Phosphorylation of cofilin is regulated in vertebrates by at least four protein kinases: LIM Kinase 1, LIM Kinase 2, Testicular Kinase 1, and Testicular Kinase 2. The dephosphorylation of cofilin enables its actin severing and depolymerizing activity and drives directional cell motility, thus providing a simple phosphoregulatory mechanism for actin reorganization.