Description_x000D_ General description_x000D_ c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK, SAPK) is an extensively studied memebr of the MAPK family of kinases and is critical in mediating the apoptotic signaling. There are three isoforms of JNK, JNK 1, 2 and 3. JNK 1 and 2 are ubiquitously expressed; JNK 3 is restricted to cardiac and neuronal tissues._x000D_ Immunogen_x000D_ synthetic peptide derived from a region of JNK1 & 2 that contains threonine183 and tyrosine185._x000D_ Application_x000D_ Anti-phospho-JNK1/2 (pThr183/pTyr185 ) antibody concentration is formulated to be used at the recommended dilutions by application._x000D_ Physical form_x000D_ Solution in Dulbecco′s phosphate buffered saline (without Mg2+ and Ca2+), pH 7.3, with 50% glycerol, 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) (IgG and preservatives free) and 0.05% sodium azide._x000D_ Disclaimer_x000D_ Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals._x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) is phosphorylated by MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) kinases 4 and 7 at Thr183 and Tyr185, leading to its activation. It is however not clear as to which MAPKK phosphorylates which amino acid residue. The activation of JNK is highly regulated and is in response to the stress signals that the cell faces. JNK phosphorylates c-Jun, the most important member of the AP-1 transcription factor family that is involved in survival, apoptosis, proliferation and tumorigenesis. JNK also activates other transcription factors such as c-myc and p53. JNK is involved in the phosphorylation of proteins such as Bad, Bcl2 and Bim that result in the execution of apoptosis by release of cytochrome c from mitochondria._x000D_ Anti-phospho-JNK1/2 (SAPK) (pThr183/pTyr185 ) specifically recognizes the endogenous, active forms of JNK1 and 2 phosphorylated at threonine 183 and tyrosine 185.