Description_x000D_ General description_x000D_ Proline-rich Akt-substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40) is a raptor binding protein. PRAS40 contains a target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling (TOS) motif._x000D_ Specificity_x000D_ Anti-PRAS40 (C-terminal) antibody is specific for human, mouse and rat PRAS40. In Immunoblotting, detection of the PRAS40 band is specifically inhibited by the PRAS40 immunizing peptide._x000D_ Immunogen_x000D_ synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the C-terminus of human PRAS40, conjugated to KLH. The corresponding sequence is identical in mouse and rat PRAS40._x000D_ Application_x000D_ Anti-PRAS40 (C-terminal) antibody is suitable for use in western blot (1.5-3.0 μg/mL using NIH3T3 cell extracts) and indirect immunofluorescence (8-16 μg/mL using PC12 cells). The product may also be used for immunoprecipitation (5-10 μg using extracts of HEK-293T cells) and immunohistochemistry (5-10 μg/mL using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissues)._x000D_ Physical form_x000D_ Solution in 0.01 M phos­phate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15 mM sodium azide._x000D_ Disclaimer_x000D_ Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals._x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ Proline-rich Akt-substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40) inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1) kinase activity. It is involved in the PI3KAkt/protein kinase B (PKB) survival pathway. Phosphorylation of PRAS40 by Akt and mTORC1 disrupts the binding between mTORC1 and PRAS40 and relieves the inhibitory effect of PRAS40 on mTORC1 activity. The binding of PRAS40 to 14-3-3 requires amino acids and insulin, which is partially inhibited by rapamycin. PRAS40 is a component of the mTORC1 protein complex, which inhibits cell growth in insulin deprived cells. Furthermore, during nutrient or serum deprivation, PRAS40 binds mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and inhibits insulin-stimulated mTOR signaling. PRAS40 activation has also been implicated in pulmonary and breast carcinogenesis. Thus, PRAS40 may be considered as a target protein for treating insulin resistance and various cancers.