Description_x000D_ General description_x000D_ Human apo-SAA is a 104 amino acid polypeptide that circulates primarily in association with high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The level of apo-SAA, normally 1-5 μg/ml in plasma, increases 500-1000 fold within 24 hours of an inflammatory stimulus and, under these conditions, is the most abundant HDL apo-lipoprotein. The human SAA gene codes for a 122 amino acid polypeptide, which contains an 18 amino acid N-terminal signal sequence._x000D_ Application_x000D_ Apo-serum amyloid A has been used to study its effect on the expression of Visfatin in macrophages._x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ Serum amyloid A (SAA) is found normally at concentrations of 0.1μM in blood. However, its concentration increases up to 1000-fold under stress. It has been associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. It is found to participate in the inflammatory response by facilitating chemotaxis, migration, and adhesion of inflammatory cells, particularly monocytes/macrophages. SAA is also found to induce the synthesis and secretion of multiple kinds of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-1β (interleukin-1β), MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), and Lp-PLA2 (lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2)._x000D_ Physical form_x000D_ Sterile filtered and Lyophilized without additives._x000D_ Reconstitution_x000D_ Centrifuge the vial prior to opening. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles._x000D_ Reconstitute in 0.1% acetic acid to a concentration of 1 μg/ul. This solution can then be diluted into other aqueous buffers.