Description_x000D_ General description_x000D_ BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins) belong to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. BMP-11 is also known as growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11). Recombinant human BMP-11 is a N-terminus His-tagged protein with a molecular weight of 32.6kDa (for homodimeric) and 16.2kDa (for monomeric) consisting of 136 amino acid polypeptide chains._x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ As implied by their name, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) promote and regulate bone development, growth, remodeling and repair, in both prenatal development and postnatal growth of eye, heart, kidney, skin, and other tissues. They also enhance protein degradation and reduce skeletal muscle protein synthesis. BMP-11 may have a role in the development of the nervous system in mice. It acts as a modulator of development and differentiation. In mice, circulating levels of BMP-11 decrease with age._x000D_ Physical form_x000D_ Lyophilized from 10 mM Sodium Citrate, pH 3.5._x000D_ Reconstitution_x000D_ Centrifuge the vial prior to opening. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles._x000D_ Reconstitute to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL in water containing BSA (50 μg BSA per 1 μg of protein). This solution can then be diluted into other aqueous buffers.