Description_x000D_ Amino Acid Sequence_x000D_ His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr_x000D_ General description_x000D_ Glucagon (GCG) peptide is secreted in response to insulin from pancreatic islets α-cells._x000D_ Glucagon is synthesized from proglucagon and is 29-amino acid peptide hormone. Proglucagon gene is mapped to human chromosome 2q24.2._x000D_ Application_x000D_ Glucagon (GCG) has been used:_x000D_ • as a component of hormone stock solution for preserving full biological activity of heart tissues obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats_x000D_ • as an infusion in phases II and III fasting king penguins to study the various lipolytic, metabolic, and hormonal responses_x000D_ • for the stumulation of PGC-1α expression in hepatocytes_x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ Glucagon (GCG) produces elevation in contractility and the frequency of contraction in heart muscles. It activates PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) and thus, elevates glucose utilization by heart muscles. In multiple mammals, though not humans, this peptide induces lipolysis, and is the major lipolytic hormone in birds. It also induces gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in mammals and birds._x000D_ The paired box 6 (PAX6) regulates the expression of glucagon. High levels of glucagon referred to as hyperglucagonemia leads to a high risk of diabetes and is associated with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Defective glucagon hypersecretion is regarded as an etiopathogenic factor._x000D_ Components_x000D_ H-His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr-OH.xHCl_x000D_ Other Notes_x000D_ Lyophilized from 0.1% TFA in H2O