Description_x000D_ Application_x000D_ Lipid A molecules compose the lipid membrane anchoring core components of endotoxins produced by Gram-negative bacteria. Lipid A molecules induce immune responses. Structually, lipid A molecules are composed of two glucosamine units with varied, species dependent, fatty acyl chain numbers and identity and degree of phosphorylation._x000D_ Lipid A, monophosphoryl from Salmonella enterica serotype minnesota Re 595 may be used in comparative assessment of the antigenicity of specific structures within different LPA molecules and analogues._x000D_ Packaging_x000D_ 1, 5 mg in glass bottle_x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ Lipid A has immunostimulatory adjuvant activity including macrophage, T-cell, and B-cell activation. Research has shown Lipid A has greater Th1 than Th2 stimulation._x000D_ Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS and its lipid A moiety stimulate cells of the innate immune system by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor protein family, which recognizes common pathogen-associated molecular-patterns (PAMPs).