Description_x000D_ General description_x000D_ Cathepsins are lysosomal proteases that play an important role in the intracellular degradation of exogenous and endogenous proteins, in activation of enzyme precursors, and in tumor invasion and metastasis. They are normally localized in lysosomes of almost all mammalian cells, but under certain conditions they can be secreted from the cells._x000D_ Cathepsin D (CD, EC 3.4.23.5), an aspartyl endopeptidase, is induced by estrogen in certain estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines, but is produced constitutively by ER-negative cell lines. Cathepsin D is synthesized as a 52 kDa inactive precursor (pro-cathepsin D). Proteolytic removal of the amino-terminal 43 amino acid fragment and cleavage at an internal site results in an enzymatically active 48 kDa heterodimer consisting of two chains of 14 and 34 kDa._x000D_ The level of CD synthesized by cells is increased in response to mitogenic signals from estrogen, EGF, FGF, and IGF- I. The ability of tumor cells to invade the extracellular matrix has been attributed to cathepsins released by tumor cells or associated with the plasma membrane of tumor cells. CD is capable of digesting extracellular matrix proteins in in vivo models. Transfection of the CD gene into rat cells increases their tumorigenicity when injected into nude mice. Indeed, the concentrations of CD are significantly higher in breast carcinomas than in either normal breast tissues or benign breast tumors._x000D_ Specificity_x000D_ Monoclonal Anti-Cathepsin D reacts specifically with cathepsin D (34 kDa with a weaker band at 52 kDa) in immunoblotting. It is also reactive in ELISA and in immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human tissue sections. The product does not react with bovine cathepsins D and B, nor with human cathepsins B, C, G, and H._x000D_ Immunogen_x000D_ human liver cathepsin D._x000D_ Application_x000D_ Applications in which this antibody has been used successfully, and the associated peer-reviewed papers, are given below._x000D_ Immunohistochemistry (1 paper)_x000D_ Western Blotting (1 paper)_x000D_ Monoclonal Anti-Cathepsin D may be used for the localization of cathepsin D using various immunochemical assays such as ELISA, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. Antibodies that react specifically with cathepsin D may be used to study the distribution of CD in human breast cancers and to relate its concentrations to various biochemical, histological, and clinical characteristics._x000D_ Disclaimer_x000D_ Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals._x000D_ Other Notes_x000D_ This product can be found as purified product that was produced using cell culture hybridoma product._x000D_ SAB4200767 Anti-Cathepsin D antibody, Mouse monoclonal_x000D_ clone CTD-19, purified from hybridoma cell culture