Description_x000D_ General description_x000D_ The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta, and in myelomonocytic subpopulation of the leukocytes. It has been implicated in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness. Also, several transcript variants of this gene have been found, but the protein coding potential of most of them is uncertain. (provided by RefSeq)_x000D_ Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an extracellular pathogen recognition receptor (PRR), encoded by the gene mapped to human chromosome 9q32–33. The encoded protein belongs to the interleukin-1 (IL-1)/toll receptor family and is present on both immune and nonimmune cells._x000D_ Immunogen_x000D_ TLR4 (NP_612564, 214 a.a. ~ 291 a.a) partial recombinant protein with GST tag. MW of the GST tag alone is 26 KDa._x000D_ Sequence_x000D_ PMNFIQPGAFKEIRLHKLTLRNNFDSLNVMKTCIQGLAGLEVHRLVLGEFRNEGNLEKFDKSALEGLCNLTIEEFRLA_x000D_ Physical form_x000D_ Solution in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4_x000D_ Disclaimer_x000D_ Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals._x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensor. It plays a vital role in regulation of innate immunity. Palmitic acid (PA) interacts with TLR4 to stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion in human immune cells. Elevated expression of TLR4 is associated with the lupus nephritis (LN) and chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) pathogenesis. Genetic variations in the gene has been observed in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).