Description Application Peptidoglycan from Staphylococcus aureus has been used: • for the stimulation of lymphocytes: peptidoglycan activates the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), present in mammalian cells. It works as an antagonist of Poly (I:C) • for g-type lysozyme stimulation by intraperitoneally inoculating it into sole specimens • in phosphate buffer saline and injected into Labeo rohita fingerlings, to study its effect on nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (NOD-2) gene expression Biochem/physiol Actions The cell wall of gram positive bacteria is largely made up of peptidoglycan. It is composed of polysaccharide chains interlinked by peptide bridges. This peptidoglycan gives a certain rigidity to the cell wall and gives the cell mechanical strength. It is a surface molecule which is known to stimulate immune reactions including cytokine production to fever. Packaging Bottomless glass bottle. Contents are inside inserted fused cone. Other Notes Major component of the cell wall in gram positive organisms. Consists of a glycan backbone with alternating β 1-4 linked residues of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and muramic acid. The immunological activities of bacterial peptidoglycans; Peptidoglycan types of bacterial cell walls and their taxonomic implications; Antibody response to peptidoglycan during staphylococcal infections