Description_x000D_ General description_x000D_ Estrogen is a sex hormone that is a key regulator of growth, differentiation and function of reproductive tissues, skeletal and cardiovascular systems. The effect of estrogen is mediated by two intracellular receptors, ERα and ERβ. Although the two receptors interact with similar ligands, have identical DNA-binding domains and have redundant roles in estrogen signaling, they show distinct expression pattern. On binding to the receptor, the estrogen-ER complex enters nucleus and regulates the transcription of specific genes. The biological effects of estrogen and ER is by upstream activation of the pathway by growth factors. Some pathways that activate the estrogen-ER pathway are those mediated by AP-1, IGF-1, EGF, MAPK and PI3K/Akt . Anti-Estrogen Receptor (18-32) antibody is specific for 18-32 amino acids of human estrogen receptor (67 kDa). The product is an IgG fraction prepared from pooled antisera._x000D_ Immunogen_x000D_ synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 18-32 of the human estrogen receptor._x000D_ Application_x000D_ Anti-Estrogen Receptor (18-32) antibody may be used for immunoblotting using extracts of MCF7 cells at a working dilution of 1:3000. It may also be used for dot blot._x000D_ Applications in which this antibody has been used successfully, and the associated peer-reviewed papers, are given below._x000D_ Western Blotting (1 paper)_x000D_ Physical form_x000D_ Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, containing 15 mM sodium azide._x000D_ Disclaimer_x000D_ Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.