Description_x000D_ Application_x000D_ (S)-(−)-Propranolol hydrochloride has been used:_x000D_ • as a non-selective β-blocker propranolol to inhibit the actions of epinephrine in mice_x000D_ • as a β1- and β2-aadrenergic receptor blocker in rat_x000D_ • as a medium supplement to investigate its effect on adipogenesis in hemangioma-derived stem cells (HemSC)_x000D_ Packaging_x000D_ 100, 500 mg in glass bottle_x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ (S)-(−)-Propranolol hydrochloride is biologically active enantiomer. It acts as β1 receptor antagonist in thalamocortical neurons. (S)-(−)-Propranolol hydrochloride elicits its inhibitory function on the β1 adrenoceptor in trigeminovascular pain pathway and serves as a preventive medicine in migraine._x000D_ Active β-adrenoceptor blocking enantiomer, as measured by inhibition of isoprenaline-induced tachycardia; Propranolol is also non-specific 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT1C serotonin receptor antagonist. The stereoselective association of mianserin and propranolol with the 5HT1A, 5HT1B and 5HT1C sites may prove useful in the characterization of these sites_x000D_ Features and Benefits_x000D_ This compound is featured on the β-Adrenoceptors page of the Handbook of Receptor Classification and Signal Transduction. To browse other handbook pages, click here._x000D_ This compound was developed by AstraZeneca. To browse the list of other pharma-developed compounds and Approved Drugs/Drug Candidates, click here.