Description_x000D_ Amino Acid Sequence_x000D_ His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Val-Phe-Thr-Asp-Asn-Tyr-Thr-Arg-Leu-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Asn-NH2_x000D_ General description_x000D_ The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) gene is mapped to human chromosome 6q25.2. This gene encodes a neuropeptide containing 28-amino acid. Vip belongs to the glucagon/secretin superfamily and is conserved along evolution. It is predominantly localized to the central and peripheral nervous systems._x000D_ Application_x000D_ Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide human, porcine, rat has been used as an immunogen to analyze the immunohistochemical reactions. It has also been used in cell migration assay._x000D_ Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide human, porcine, rat was used as an antigen utilized in absorption purpose for systematic study of nervous system of the chicken proventriculus by using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy._x000D_ Packaging_x000D_ 0.5, 1 mg in glass bottle_x000D_ 250 μg in glass bottle_x000D_ Biochem/physiol Actions_x000D_ Neuropeptide that is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is a vasodilator, bronchodilator and smooth muscle relaxant. It modulates the activity of many immune system cell types. It is a mitogen for embryonic sympathetic neurons. Its neuroprotective actions are mediated by the release of activity-dependent neurotrophic factors from glial cells._x000D_ VIP (Vasoactive intestinal peptide) possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. It controls the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. It is also involved in neuroblastoma differentiation, and pancreatic insulin secretion. Vip exhibits its function through G-protein coupled receptors. Some of the other important actions of VIP is associated with the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular and reproductive systems._x000D_ Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide human, porcine, rat is a neuropeptide synthesize in the central nervous system, which enhances the formation of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate in cerebral cortex and hypothalamus of chick and rat. VIP also modulates the cholinergic as well as serotonergic neurotransmitter systems._x000D_ Preparation Note_x000D_ Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide human, porcine, rat dissolves in water at 0.1% in 1% acetic acid to yield a clear, colorless solution.